But isn't that what we see in the Zapruder film, a violent head snap backwards?
No. That is not what we see. This is a falsehood that has become established ‘FACT’ by repeated claims, repeated lies, that JFK’s head was driven backwards with great violence. Such is the power of the repetitive lie. Yes, there was great violence, in the explosion of the head. But not in its movement.
Physics graduate student William Hoffman did the best study of the movement of JFK’s head back in the 1960’s. This study is found in Josiah Thompson’s “Six Seconds in Dallas” (it was more like 8.8 seconds).
Let’s define JFK’s head position at z312 to be ‘0’. A positive number indicates a more forward position.
Z312 position 0.0
Moves forward 2.3 inches, average speed, 2.4 mph forward
Z313 position + 2.3
Moves backward 0.6 inches, average speed, 0.6 mph backward
Z314 position + 1.7
Moves backward 0.9 inches, average speed, 0.9 mph backward
Z315 position + 0.8
Moves backward 1.2 inches, average speed, 1.2 mph backward
Z316 position - 0.4
Moves backward 1.4 inches, average speed, 1.5 mph backward
Z317 position - 1.8
Moves backward 1.8 inches, average speed, 1.9 mph backward
Z318 position - 3.6
Moves backward 1.3 inches, average speed, 1.4 mph backward
Z319 position - 4.9
Even a casual look at the Zapruder frames 313 through 319 will confirm that JFK’s head only moves backwards about 7.2 inches, with an average speed of 1.2 mph.
By a curious coincidence, with the frame rate of 18.3 frames per second, a movement of “x” inches indicates an average speed of roughly “x” mph.
William Hoffman pointed out that first the head moved backwards, then the torso started moving backwards a little later.
Let me break in hear and explain what a neurological spasm is. It is a spurious signal that travels down the spinal column. It first effects the neck muscles, then the torso muscles, and continues down the body. It activates all the muscles of the body momentarily. Since the back muscles are stronger than the front muscles, it would tend to move the head and torso backwards, first the head, then the torso.
So, what was the most “violent” motion? The fastest motion, and not that violent, is 2.4 mph, when JF’s head moves FOREWARD, as if hit from behind. From experiments with goats being shot through the brain, body movement will start in 40 milliseconds, which will be starting in the very next frame. If 2.4 mph is violent motion than I tend to walk at a violent speed.
Thereafter, the head starts to move backwards, much more gradually, not violently. First at 0.6 mph backward, then 0.9 mph, then 1.2 mph, when the head finally reaches it’s z312 position.
Then 1.5 mph, 1.9 mph and 1.4 mph, when the head and body is slowed by the seat.
This is consistent of a series of bullets striking from the front, one bullet with each frame. Which by coincidence struck immediately after the shot from the back, perfectly mimicking a neurological spasm.
Or it is simply a neurological spasm, where all muscles are momentarily activated by a spurious signal. The signal starts at the top of the spinal column. It first reaches the neck muscles, which is why only the head is first affected. A little later it reaches the torso, which is why the torso did not start to move immediately, only the head. This explains which the acceleration is gradual and not all at once, as would happen with a bullet from behind.